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R-22 use is being phased out in developing countries, where it is largely used for air conditioning applications. R-22 is prepared from chloroform: HCCl 3 + 2 HF → HCF 2 Cl + 2 HCl. An important application of R-22 is as a precursor to tetrafluoroethylene. This conversion involves pyrolysis to give difluorocarbene, which dimerizes: [3]
R-22 production will be phased out by 2020 as per the Montreal Protocol. [2] Key Characteristics: Colourless and Odourless: ... Replacement for R22: ...
R22 Harmful if swallowed R23 Toxic by inhalation R24 Toxic in contact with skin R25 Toxic if swallowed R26 Very toxic by inhalation R27 Very toxic in contact with skin R28 Very toxic if swallowed R29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas. R30 Can become highly flammable in use R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas R32
Being phased out: A widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and powerful greenhouse gas with a GWP equal to 1810. Worldwide production of R-22 in 2008 was about 800 Gg per year, up from about 450 Gg per year in 1998. R-438A (MO-99) is a R-22 replacement. [71] R-123 HCFC-123 CHCl 2 CF 3: 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane: 292 79 US phase-out
The phase-down mandated by the AIM Act will lead to R-410A's replacement by other refrigerants beginning in 2022. Alternative refrigerants are available, including hydrofluoroolefins , R-454B (a zeotropic blend of R-32 and R-1234yf ), hydrocarbons (such as propane R-290 and isobutane R-600A ), and even carbon dioxide ( R-744 , GWP = 1).
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Wednesday granted California its request to enforce vehicle emissions standards stricter than federal rules, including the state's ban on sales of new ...
As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) [1] including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf. [2] [3] [4]
Ferrari SF90 Stradale and 812 GTS. Ferarri's SF90 Stradale and 812 GTS have been “phased out,” according to an August financial report.
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