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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
Since the deformation does not involve enthalpy change, the change in free energy can simply be calculated as the change in entropy. Note that the force equation resembles the behaviour of a spring and follows Hooke's law: =, where F is the force, k is the spring constant and x is
For a stretched spring fixed at one end obeying Hooke's law, the elastic potential energy is = where r 2 and r 1 are collinear coordinates of the free end of the spring, in the direction of the extension/compression, and k is the spring constant.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
The effective mass of the spring in a spring-mass system when using a heavy spring (non-ideal) of uniform linear density is of the mass of the spring and is independent of the direction of the spring-mass system (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and oblique systems all have the same effective mass). This is because external acceleration does not ...
Illustration of uniform compression. The bulk modulus (or or ) of a substance is a measure of the resistance of a substance to bulk compression.It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume.
Transferred energy joule (J) L 2 M T −2: scalar Young's modulus: E: Ratio of stress to strain pascal (Pa = N/m 2) L −1 M T −2: scalar; assumes isotropic linear material spring constant: k: k is the torsional constant (measured in N·m/radian), which characterizes the stiffness of the torsional spring or the resistance to angular ...
The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: . Young's modulus E describes the material's strain response to uniaxial stress in the direction of this stress (like pulling on the ends of a wire or putting a weight on top of a column, with the wire getting longer and the column losing height),