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An ellipse (red), its evolute (blue), and its medial axis (green). The symmetry set, a super-set of the medial axis, is the green and yellow curves. One bi-tangent circle is shown. (a) A simple 3d object. (b) Its medial axis transform. The colors represent the distance from the medial axis to the object's boundary.
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
The medial graph of any plane graph is a 4-regular plane graph. For any plane graph G, the medial graph of G and the medial graph of the dual graph of G are isomorphic. Conversely, for any 4-regular plane graph H, the only two plane graphs with medial graph H are dual to each other. [4]
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
showing on a horizontal axis and on a vertical axis, where is a phase space trajectory. Scatterplot : A scatter graph or scatter plot is a type of display using variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the ...
Graphs as defined in the two definitions above cannot have loops, because a loop joining a vertex to itself is the edge (for an undirected simple graph) or is incident on (for an undirected multigraph) {,} = {} which is not in {{,},}. To allow loops, the definitions must be expanded.
The orientation is usually chosen so that the 90-degree angle from the first axis to the second axis looks counter-clockwise when seen from the point (0, 0, 1); a convention that is commonly called the right-hand rule. The coordinate surfaces of the Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z). The z-axis is vertical and the x-axis is
In graph theory, a planar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane, i.e., it can be drawn on the plane in such a way that its edges intersect only at their endpoints. In other words, it can be drawn in such a way that no edges cross each other. [9] Such a drawing is called a plane graph or planar embedding of the graph.