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Historically, various forms of encryption have been used to aid in cryptography. Early encryption techniques were often used in military messaging. Since then, new techniques have emerged and become commonplace in all areas of modern computing. [1] Modern encryption schemes use the concepts of public-key and symmetric-key. [1]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 December 2024. Practice and study of secure communication techniques "Secret code" redirects here. For the Aya Kamiki album, see Secret Code. "Cryptology" redirects here. For the David S. Ware album, see Cryptology (album). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is encipherment. To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code.
Group-based cryptography is a use of groups to construct cryptographic primitives. A group is a very general algebraic object and most cryptographic schemes use groups in some way. In particular Diffie–Hellman key exchange uses finite cyclic groups.
The concept of product ciphers is due to Claude Shannon, who presented the idea in his foundational paper, Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems. A particular product cipher design where all the constituting transformation functions have the same structure is called an iterative cipher with the term " rounds " applied to the functions themselves.
In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of a secure cipher identified by Claude Shannon in his 1945 classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography. [1] These properties, when present, work together to thwart the application of statistics , and other methods of cryptanalysis .
In cryptography, a hybrid cryptosystem is one which combines the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the efficiency of a symmetric-key cryptosystem. [1] Public-key cryptosystems are convenient in that they do not require the sender and receiver to share a common secret in order to communicate securely. [2]