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  2. Choke (firearms) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choke_(firearms)

    As far back as 1787 a Frenchman by the name of M. Magne de Marolles gave an account of choke-boring, though he argued against it. [3]Some sources state that the first pioneer was a Czech named Dominik Brandejs, who made shotguns with a choke in order to reduce the dispersion of shots, but his design was not popular in the 1820s.

  3. Gauge (firearms) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)

    Gauge was determined from the weight of a solid sphere of lead that will fit the bore of the firearm and is expressed as the multiplicative inverse of the sphere's weight as a fraction of a pound, e.g., a one-twelfth pound lead ball fits a 12-gauge bore. Therefore with a 12-gauge, it would take 12 balls of lead of the same size as the 12 gauge ...

  4. Military 12-gauge cartridges - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_12-gauge_cartridges

    Military use of combat shotguns through the 20th century has created a need for ammunition maximizing the combat effectiveness of such weapons within the limitations of international law. 12-gauge has been widely accepted as an appropriate bore diameter to provide an effective number of projectiles within an acceptable recoil. Early 12-gauge ...

  5. File:Shotgun choke.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shotgun_choke.svg

    Muzzles of shotgun barrels with different shapes of chokes. A: no choke, cylindrical, zylindrische Laufbohrung (ohne Choke) B: improved cylinder, verbesserte Zylinderbohrung

  6. Shotgun cartridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_cartridge

    This measurement comes from the time when early cannons were designated in a similar manner—a "12 pounder" would be a cannon that fired a 12-pound (5.4 kg) cannonball; inversely, an individual "12-gauge" shot would in fact be a 1 ⁄ 12 pounder. Thus, a 10-gauge shotgun has a larger-diameter barrel than a 12-gauge shotgun, which has a larger ...

  7. Slug barrel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slug_barrel

    The degree of deformation is most acute with fuller chokes, which were among the most widely used in stock shotguns up until the 1980s and 1990s. Early shotgun slugs were "rifled" with deformable fins cast into the outside of the soft lead slug, which allowed the slug to swage down to fit the choke. With an open choke, the reduction in diameter ...

  8. List of shotguns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shotguns

    12 gauge 20 gauge Italy: 1999 Benelli Raffaello: Benelli Armi: 12 gauge Italy: 1990 Benelli Supernova: Benelli Armi: 12 gauge Italy: 2006 Benelli Vinci: Benelli Armi: 12 gauge Italy: 2009 Beretta 682: Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta: 12 gauge 20 gauge 28 gauge.410 bore Italy: 1984 Beretta 1201FP: Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta: 12 gauge Italy ...

  9. Caliber conversion device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliber_conversion_device

    Shotgun conversion sleeves may be called subgauge inserts, subgauge tubes, or gauge reducers. Sleeves intended for rifle or handgun cartridges may have rifled barrels. Additional variations may allow centerfire weapons to fire rimfire ammunition and/or retain autoloading function with the smaller cartridge.