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Similarly, neuroscientists have come to learn much about music cognition by studying music-specific disorders. Even though music is most often viewed from a "historical perspective rather than a biological one" [ 1 ] music has significantly gained the attention of neuroscientists all around the world.
Music therapy may be ineffective for people with musical anhedonia, as is the case with certain other diseases and conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. [7] A 2019 study found that specific music-based treatments may alleviate anhedonia and other depression symptoms. [8]
Amusia is a musical disorder that appears mainly as a defect in processing pitch but also encompasses musical memory and recognition. [1] Two main classifications of amusia exist: acquired amusia, which occurs as a result of brain damage, and congenital amusia, which results from a music-processing anomaly present since birth.
Agnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by an inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds , shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss . [ 1 ]
Music agnosia, an auditory agnosia, is a syndrome of selective impairment in music recognition. [89] Three cases of music agnosia are examined by Dalla Bella and Peretz (1999); C.N., G.L., and I.R.. All three of these patients suffered bilateral damage to the auditory cortex which resulted in musical difficulties while speech understanding ...
Music is able to access many different brain functions that play an integral role in other higher brain functions such as motor control, memory, language, reading and emotion. Research has shown that music can be used as an alternative method to access these functions that may be unavailable through non-musical stimulus due to a disorder.
Music therapy is used with individuals of all ages and with a variety of conditions, including: psychiatric disorders, medical problems, physical disabilities, sensory impairments, developmental disabilities, substance abuse issues, communication disorders, interpersonal problems, and aging.
In one case study, each of the three sound types (music, environmental sounds, speech) was also shown to recover independently (Mendez and Geehan, 1988-case 2 [22]). It is yet unclear whether general auditory agnosia is a combination of milder auditory disorders, or whether the source of this disorder is at an earlier auditory processing stage.