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E-Prime (short for English-Prime or English Prime, [1] sometimes É or E′) denotes a restricted form of English in which authors avoid all forms of the verb to be.. E-Prime excludes forms such as be, being, been, present tense forms (am, is, are), past tense forms (was, were) along with their negative contractions (isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't), and nonstandard contractions such as ain't ...
Revision is a process in writing of rearranging, adding, or removing paragraphs, sentences, or words. Writers may revise their writing after a draft is complete or during the composing process. Revision involves many of the strategies known generally as editing but also can entail larger conceptual shifts of purpose and audience as well as content.
English Composition and Language (2 hours for a free composition on a choice of subjects and various tests on the correct use of simple English) Prescribed Texts (2 hours on Dickens, Swift, Shaw and/or the Oxford English Coursebook). By 1943, the exam included a choice between "either prescribed texts or a paper in translation from and into ...
The Cambridge International Corpus (CIC) is a collection of over 2 billion words [1] of real spoken and written English. The texts are stored in a database that can be searched to see how English is used. The CIC also contains the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a unique collection of over 60,000 exam papers from Cambridge ESOL.
C1 Advanced is made up of four exam papers, which cover all the key language skills (Reading and Use of Language, Writing, Listening and Speaking). [5] The Speaking paper is taken face-to-face. Candidates have the choice of taking the Reading and Use of English paper, Writing paper and Listening paper on either a computer or on paper. [6]
Paper-based standardized test. Administrator: International Testing Services Center: Skills tested: Reading, listening, speaking and writing of the English language. Purpose: To assess the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers. Year started: 1985; 39 years ago () Duration: Level 1: 100 minutes Level 2: 90 minutes Level 3: ...
The process theory of composition (hereafter referred to as "process") is a field of composition studies that focuses on writing as a process rather than a product. Based on Janet Emig's breakdown of the writing process, [1] the process is centered on the idea that students determine the content of the course by exploring the craft of writing using their own interests, language, techniques ...
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CamGEL [n 1]) is a descriptive grammar of the English language. Its primary authors are Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum. Huddleston was the only author to work on every chapter. It was published by Cambridge University Press in 2002 and has been cited more than 8,000 times. [1]