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Camouflage is the concealment of animals or objects of military interest by any combination of methods that helps them to remain unnoticed. This includes the use of high-contrast disruptive patterns as used on military uniforms, but anything that delays recognition can be used as camouflage.
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While camouflage can increase an organism's fitness, it has genetic and energetic costs. There is a trade-off between detectability and mobility. Species camouflaged to fit a specific microhabitat are less likely to be detected when in that microhabitat, but must spend energy to reach, and sometimes to remain in, such areas. Outside the ...
Humans are animals, despite the fact that the word animal is colloquially used as an antonym for human. [178] [179] Ecosystems do not naturally move back towards an equilibrium using negative feedback. [180] The concept of an inherent "balance of nature" has been superseded by chaos theory. [181]
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There is a strong evolutionary pressure for prey animals to avoid predators through camouflage, and for predators to be able to detect camouflaged prey. There can be a self-perpetuating coevolution, in the shape of an evolutionary arms race, between the perceptive abilities of animals attempting to detect the cryptic animal and the cryptic characteristics of the hiding species.
Military interest in active camouflage has its origins in Second World War studies of counter-illumination.The first of these was the so-called diffused lighting camouflage tested on Canadian Navy corvettes including HMCS Rimouski.
Military camouflage is the use of camouflage by an armed force to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces. In practice, this means applying colour and materials to military equipment of all kinds, including vehicles, ships, aircraft, gun positions and battledress, either to conceal it from observation (), or to make it appear as something else ().