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  2. Cancer immunotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy

    Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology ( immuno-oncology ) and a growing subspecialty of oncology .

  3. Checkpoint inhibitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor

    It was approved in 2014. Nivolumab is approved to treat melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. [16] Pembrolizumab (brand name Keytruda) is another PD-1 inhibitor that was approved by the FDA in 2014 and was the second checkpoint inhibitor approved in the United States. [17]

  4. Bacterial therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_therapy

    Design of engineered live bacterial therapeutics [1]. Bacterial therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteria to treat diseases.Bacterial therapeutics are living medicines, and may be wild type bacteria (often in the form of probiotics) or bacteria that have been genetically engineered to possess therapeutic properties that is injected into a patient.

  5. Immunotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunotherapy

    Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies. Immunotherapy is under preliminary research for its potential to treat various forms of cancer. [1] [2] [3] [4]

  6. Cancer immunology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunology

    Tumor-associated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer models. Cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and a sub-discipline of immunology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the ...

  7. Germ-free animal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ-free_animal

    [25] [26] Germ free animals have been used to demonstrate a causal role for the gut microbiome in varied settings such as neural development, [27] longevity, [28] cancer immunotherapy, [29] and numerous other health related contexts.

  8. Cellular adoptive immunotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Cellular_adoptive_immunotherapy

    A major application of cellular adoptive therapy is cancer treatment, as the immune system plays a vital role in the development and growth of cancer. [1] The primary types of cellular adoptive immunotherapies are T cell therapies. Other therapies include CAR-T therapy, CAR-NK therapy, macrophage-based immunotherapy and dendritic cell therapy.

  9. Immune checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_checkpoint

    Cancer Therapy by Inhibition of Negative Immune Regulation (CTLA4, PD1) A2AR & A2BR: The Adenosine A2A receptor is regarded as an important checkpoint in cancer therapy because adenosine in the immune microenvironment, leading to the activation of the A2a receptor, is negative immune feedback loop and the tumor microenvironment has relatively high concentrations of adenosine. [27]

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