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Lahars have several possible causes: [9] Snow and glaciers can be melted by lava or pyroclastic surges during an eruption. Lava can erupt from open vents and mix with wet soil, mud or snow on the slope of the volcano making a very viscous, high energy lahar. The higher up the slope of the volcano, the more gravitational potential energy the ...
Other types of mudflows include lahars (involving fine-grained pyroclastic deposits on the flanks of volcanoes) and jökulhlaups (outbursts from under glaciers or icecaps). [6] A statutory definition of "flood-related mudslide" appears in the United States' National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, codified at 42 USC Sections 4001 and ...
Industrial retaining reservoirs are often used to store toxic waste, and when they fail they can flood a large area, causing physical and environmental damage. The 2010 failure of a reservoir at the Ajka alumina plant in Hungary flooded a small town and killed several, while the cleanup from the 2008 Kingston Fossil Plant spill in Tennessee, U ...
The Chicago River rose six feet (2 meters) during the storm, forcing workers to close a series of locks and reverse the river's flow from west to east into Lake Michigan to prevent more flooding ...
These simulations demonstrated that higher temperatures can cause different types of soil like limestone and clay to either swell and expand upward by up to 0.47 inches or to contract and sink ...
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The lahars can coat objects, wash objects away and can knock objects down by their force. Lahars, debris flows and mudflows that travel into a river or stream run the potential for crowding the waterway, forcing the water to flow outward and causing a flood. The volcanic matter could also pollute the water, making it unsafe to drink. [citation ...
Rain, snow, coastal waters and other weather phenomena can cause flooding. It does not take a lot of water to sweep a person or a car away. It only takes six inches of water to sweep an adult off ...