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Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
All surgery carries risk of serious complications including damage to nearby structures, bleeding, infection, [20] or even death. The operative death rate in cholecystectomy is about 0.1% in people under age 50 and about 0.5% in people over age 50. [10] The greatest risk of death comes from co-existing illness like cardiac or pulmonary disease ...
Increasing the IV fluids during surgery by giving additional fluid while the person is under general anaesthesia may reduce the risk of nausea/vomiting after surgery. [1] For minor surgical procedures, more research is needed to determine the risks and benefits of this approach.
The pathogenesis of this condition is recognized to encompass stenosis or dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi (especially after cholecystectomy); consequently the terms biliary dyskinesia, papillary stenosis, and postcholecystectomy syndrome have all been used to describe this condition. Both stenosis and dyskinesia can obstruct flow through ...
There is no difference in terms of negative outcomes including bile duct injury or conversion to open cholecystectomy. [37] For early cholecystectomy, the most common reason for conversion to open surgery is inflammation that hides Calot's triangle. For delayed surgery, the most common reason was fibrotic adhesions. [37]
Aortic regurgitation, on the other hand, has many causes: degeneration of the cusps, endocarditis, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic root dilatation, trauma, connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos lead to imperfect closure of the valve during diastole, hence the blood is returning from the aorta towards the left ...
In patients who are deemed too high risk for open heart surgery, TAVI significantly reduces the rates of death and cardiac symptoms. [6] Until about 2017 TAVI was not routinely recommended for low-risk patients in favor of aortic valve replacement, however it is increasingly being offered to intermediate risk patients, based on studies finding ...
[27] Removal of the gallbladder with surgery, known as a cholecystectomy, is the definitive surgical treatment for biliary colic. [28] A 2013 Cochrane review found tentative evidence to suggest that early gallbladder removal may be better than delayed removal. [29] Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy happens within 72 hours of diagnosis. [13]
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