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In contrast, tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency and may be treated before imaging – especially if there is severe hypoxia, very low blood pressure, or an impaired level of consciousness. In tension pneumothorax, X-rays are sometimes required if there is doubt about the anatomical location of the pneumothorax. [16] [18]
Left-sided tension pneumothorax. Note the area without lung markings which is air in the pleural space. Also note the tracheal and mediastinal shift from the patient's left to right. Causes include any obstruction of blood flow to and from the heart. There are multiple, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax.
Risk factors includes: recent surgery, cancer, and bedridden state. Embolus source usually comes from venous thromboembolism . Pneumonia : Pneumonia arises from infections that cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli of the lungs, with bacterial pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae being common culprits.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production and/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of its distinct ...
According to the Pew Research Center, 27% of U.S. adults age 60 and over live alone, compared with 16% of their peers in the 130 countries and territories studied.Despite pushback from their adult ...
The most common risk factors include age and cardiovascular disease. [15] Additional underlying cardiac conditions include heart failure and inherited arrhythmias . Additional factors that may contribute to cardiac arrest include major blood loss , lack of oxygen , electrolyte disturbance (such as very low potassium ), electrical injury , and ...
“We found that older adults with smaller skeletal muscles are about 60% more likely to develop dementia when adjusted for other known risk factors,” explains co-senior author Prof. Marilyn ...