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Women in America: Indicators of Social and Economic Well-Being is a report issued in 2011 by the United States Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration and the Executive Office of the President Office of Management and Budget for the White House Council on Women and Girls, during the administration of President Barack Obama. [1]
Women's empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion in development and economics. Economic empowerment allows women to control and benefit from resources, assets, and income. It also aids in the ability to manage risks and improve women's well-being. [4]
To overcome gender inequality the United Nations Population Fund states that women's empowerment and gender equality requires strategic interventions at all levels of programming and policy-making. These levels include reproductive health, economic empowerment, educational empowerment and political empowerment. [29]
It also focuses on examples of female empowerment, by speaking to Leymah Gbowee, who was the driving force behind the women's peace movement in Liberia that helped to end a civil war; Indian social activist Sunitha Krishnan, who rescues victims of sex trafficking; Afghan politician and women's rights activist Fawzia Koofi; and Egyptian-American ...
However, this narrow definition of female empowerment was exclusive and not intended to be long-lasting. Women of color were the last to be considered for high paying industrial jobs. African American women were stuck doing domestic work for $3-$7 a week compared to white women earning up to $40 a week in factories. [25]
The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is an index designed to measure gender equality.GEM is the United Nations Development Programme's attempt to measure the extent of gender inequality across the globe's countries, based on estimates of women's relative economic income, participation in high-paying positions with economic power, and access to professional and parliamentary positions.
Women's education is one of the major explanatory variables behind the rates of social and economic development, [1] and has been shown to have a positive correlation with both. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] According to notable economist Lawrence Summers , "investment in the education of girls may well be the highest-return investment available in the ...
Women are irrational, unfit economic agents, and cannot be trusted to make the right economic decisions. Feminist economists also examine early economic thinkers' interaction or lack of interaction with gender and women's issues, showing examples of women's historical engagement with economic thought.