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2. GNSS applications - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNSS_applications

   A "GNSS compass" uses a pair of antennas separated by about 50 cm to detect the phase difference in the carrier signal from a particular GNSS satellite. [8] Given the positions of the satellite, the position of the antenna, and the phase difference, the orientation of the two antennas can be computed.

3. Bearing (navigation) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(navigation)

   A standard Brunton compass, used commonly by geologists and surveyors to obtain a bearing in the field. In navigation, bearing or azimuth is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and north or another object. The angle value can be specified in various angular units, such as degrees, mils, or grad. More specifically:

4. Compass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass

   A modern military compass, with included sight device for aligning. A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with magnetic north.

5. Global Positioning System - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

   The GPS implements two major corrections to its time signals for relativistic effects: one for relative velocity of satellite and receiver, using the special theory of relativity, and one for the difference in gravitational potential between satellite and receiver, using general relativity.

6. Satellite navigation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation

   The United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of up to 32 medium Earth orbit satellites in six different orbital planes. The exact number of satellites varies as older satellites are retired and replaced. Operational since 1978 and globally available since 1994, GPS is the world's most utilized satellite navigation system.

7. Galileo (satellite navigation) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)

   One of the reasons given for developing Galileo as an independent system was that position information from GPS can be made significantly inaccurate by the deliberate application of universal selective availability (SA) by the US military. GPS is widely used worldwide for civilian applications; Galileo's proponents argued that civil ...

8. Direction determination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_determination

   Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

9. Inertial navigation system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system

   By measuring the difference in capacitance between the two tines of a fork, the system can determine the rate of angular motion. Current state-of-the-art non-military technology (as of 2005) can build small solid-state sensors that can measure human body movements. These devices have no moving parts and weigh about 50 grams (2 ounces).