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Middle cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the lateral aspects of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, the corona radiata, globus pallidus, caudate and putamen.
Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger disease (English / ˈ b ɜːr ɡ ər /; German: [ˈbʏʁɡɐ]) or Winiwarter-Buerger disease, is a recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet.
Angiography provides important information regarding the perfusion and patency of distal arteries (e.g. femoral artery). The presence of collateral arteries in the pelvic and groin area is important in maintaining crucial blood flow and lower limb viability. However, angiography should only be used if symptoms warrant surgical intervention. [2]
The leptomeningeal collateral circulation (also known as leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collaterals) is a network of small blood vessels in the brain that connects branches of the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA, and PCA), [1] with variation in its precise anatomy between individuals. [2]
MRA is an expensive investigation, and shows calcification of the aorta and distal branches less clearly than other imaging methods. [4] Ultrasonography is an ideal method of diagnosing patients in early stages of arteritis when inflammation in the vessel walls occurs. [4] It can also show the blood flow within the blood vessels. [4]
For the diagnosis and ongoing observation of large vessel vasculitis, ultrasonography may be helpful. Individuals diagnosed with giant cell arteritis may present with superficial temporal artery stenosis, occlusion, or halo sign (a dark patch surrounding the artery due to vessel wall edema). [23]
Within ninety seconds of occlusion, the pressure gradient between the segment of the coronary vessel distal to the occlusion and the incipient collateral vessel precipitates damage to the internal elastic lamina, provoking an inflammatory response; monocytes and polycytes migrate to the vascular wall, which has, as a result of the occlusion ...
The recurrent artery of Heubner, Heubner's artery or distal medial striate artery [1] is a branch of the anterior cerebral artery. It supplies the head of the caudate nucleus and adjacent part of the anterior limb of internal capsule , olfactory regions, [ 2 ] and parts of the putamen and septal nuclei .