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Autologous vaccines have been used to treat lung cancer, [15] colorectal cancer, [16] melanoma, [17] renal cell cancer, [18] and prostate cancer. [19] Allogenic tumor cell vaccines; These vaccines are made from antigens taken from individuals other than the patient, usually from cancer cell lines. [5]
Cancer is the major cause of deaths in the recent era. Cancer types and stages have enhanced with time and so has efforts to treat cancer. Currently, there are about 369 cancer vaccine studies ongoing all around the world. [11] There are three cancer therapeutic vaccines which are approved by USA Food and Drug Administration, as following;
A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. [1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient.
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system.Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.
Personalized mRNA cancer vaccine therapy is a therapy that uses a personalized cancer vaccine based on mRNA vaccine technology to target existing tumors in patients. As of 2024, number of mRNA cancer vaccines are in clinical trials, of which many are personalized therapies based on engineering mRNA-mediated immune response that targets the patient's particular strain of cancer cells.
Vaccine therapies are a type of specific active immunotherapy. Vaccine therapies deliver various agents that will lead to a specific immune response e.g. antibody development or CTL response. [5] Tumor antigens have been a main target in specific active immunotherapy by way of vaccination. Tumor antigens are antigens produced by tumor cells and ...
Cancer immunoprevention is the prevention of cancer onset with immunological means such as vaccines, immunostimulators or antibodies. [1] [2] Cancer immunoprevention is conceptually different from cancer immunotherapy, which aims at stimulating immunity in patients only after tumor onset, however the same immunological means can be used both in immunoprevention and in immunotherapy.
The schedule for childhood immunizations in the United States is published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [1] The vaccination schedule is broken down by age: birth to six years of age, seven to eighteen, and adults nineteen and older. Childhood immunizations are key in preventing diseases with epidemic potential.
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