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Computing the total disintegration energy given by the equation = (), where m i is the initial mass of the nucleus, m f is the mass of the nucleus after particle emission, and m p is the mass of the emitted (alpha-)particle, one finds that in certain cases it is positive and so alpha particle emission is possible, whereas other decay modes ...
These equations need to be refined such that the notation is defined as has been done for the previous sets of equations. Name ... Particle Physics (3rd ed ...
The graphs determine the local equations of motion, while the allowed large-scale configurations describe non-perturbative physics. But because Feynman propagators are nonlocal in time, translating a field process to a coherent particle language is not completely intuitive, and has only been explicitly worked out in certain special cases.
Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson , the three generations of quarks and leptons , and the gauge bosons ), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong , weak and electromagnetic forces.
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons , while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics .
In particle physics, particle decay is the spontaneous process of one unstable subatomic particle transforming into multiple other particles. The particles created in this process (the final state ) must each be less massive than the original, although the total mass of the system must be conserved.
Within the theoretical framework of the Standard Model for particle physics, a neutron comprises two down quarks with charge − 1 / 3 e and one up quark with charge + 2 / 3 e. The neutron is therefore a composite particle classified as a hadron. The neutron is also classified as a baryon, because it is composed of three valence ...
The starting point for the derivation of the Bethe–Salpeter equation is the two-particle (or four point) Dyson equation = + in momentum space, where "G" is the two-particle Green function | | , "S" are the free propagators and "K" is an interaction kernel, which contains all possible interactions between the two particles.