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Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (/ ˈ k ɪ tʃ ɪ n ər /; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his involvement in the Second Boer War, [1] [2] and his central role in the early part of the First World War.
The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, under whom Lord Kitchener served. However, to Lord Kitchener and British High Command "the life or death of the 154,000 Boer and African civilians in the camps rated as an abysmally low priority" against military objectives.
' Second Freedom War ', 11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, [8] Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and Orange Free State) over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa.
On 28 November, de Wet called a krijgsraad (war council) of the still-active Boer leaders near Reitz. They determined to strike back at their British tormentors, who numbered 20,000 men. As part of Lord Kitchener's strategy, the British constructed lines of blockhouses and barbed wire across the veld. The blockhouse lines were designed to ...
On the Boer side, there was a feeling that an honourable end could be found to the war. Metheun escaped with his career intact, with the War Office and Kitchener taking the brunt of criticism for providing him with green troops. [1] On 9 April, Boer and British delegations convened to discuss a negotiated surrender, which was signed on 31 May.
File:Stanstead Abbotts History Society NeedsYou.jpg Original - 'A 1914 recruitment poster depicting Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener above the words "WANTS YOU" was the most famous image used in the British Army recruitment campaign of World War I. The poster was designed by Alfred Leete.
Kitchener, 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) tall and powerfully built, was for many the personification of the military ethos so popular in the present Edwardian era. [20] After the scorched earth tactics and hard-fought victory of the Second Boer War, Kitchener represented a return to the military victories of the colonial era. [21]
While General Lord Kitchener struggled to suppress guerrilla warfare carried on by the Boers in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, some Dutch settlers living in the Cape Colony also took up arms against the British. To combat the guerrilla war raging in the two Boer republics, Kitchener employed sweep-and-scour columns, farm burning and a ...