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After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel. Unless the user specifies another value as a kernel boot parameter , the system will attempt to enter (start) the default runlevel.
The Linux Network Administrator's Guide is a book on setting up and running Unix and Linux networks. [1] The first and second editions are freely available in electronic form under the GFDL . It was originally produced by Olaf Kirch and others as part of the Linux Documentation Project with help from O'Reilly .
The second-stage loader (stage2, the /boot/grub/ files) is loaded by the stage1.5 and displays the GRUB startup menu that allows the user to choose an operating system or examine and edit startup parameters. After a menu entry is chosen and optional parameters are given, GRUB loads the linux kernel into memory and passes control to it.
The /etc/inittab file sets the default runlevel with the :initdefault: entry. On Unix systems, changing the runlevel is achieved by starting only the missing services (as each level defines only those that are started / stopped). [citation needed] For example, changing a system from runlevel 3 to 4 might only start the local X server. Going ...
The run-level is usually changed using the init command, runlevel 1 or S will boot into single-user mode. Boot-loader options can be changed during startup before the execution of the kernel. In FreeBSD and DragonFly BSD it can be changed before rebooting the system with the command nextboot -o "-s" -k kernel , and its bootloader offers the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 January 2025. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...
Virtual filesystem providing process and kernel information as files. In Linux, corresponds to a procfs mount. Generally, automatically generated and populated by the system, on the fly. /root: Home directory for the root user. /run: Run-time variable data: Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users ...
Run jobs in the foreground file: Filesystem Mandatory Determine file type Version 4 AT&T UNIX find: Filesystem Mandatory Find files Version 1 AT&T UNIX fold: Text processing Mandatory Filter for folding lines 1BSD fuser: Process management Optional (XSI) List process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open System V gencat: Misc ...