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time (Unix) - can be used to determine the run time of a program, separately counting user time vs. system time, and CPU time vs. clock time. [1] timem (Unix) - can be used to determine the wall-clock time, CPU time, and CPU utilization similar to time (Unix) but supports numerous extensions.
Programs (other than very small programs) are seldom written from start to finish in assembly due to the time and cost involved. Most are compiled down from a high level language to assembly and hand optimized from there. When efficiency and size are less important large parts may be written in a high-level language.
Whole program optimization (WPO) is the compiler optimization of a program using information about all the modules in the program. Normally, optimizations are performed on a per module, "compiland", basis; but this approach, while easier to write and test and less demanding of resources during the compilation itself, does not allow certainty about the safety of a number of optimizations such ...
For long-running algorithms the elapsed time could also be of interest. Results should generally be averaged over several tests. Run-based profiling can be very sensitive to hardware configuration and the possibility of other programs or tasks running at the same time in a multi-processing and multi-programming environment.
Doubling the input size doubles the run-time, quadrupling the input size quadruples the run-time, and so forth. On the other hand, Computer B, running the binary search program, exhibits a logarithmic growth rate. Quadrupling the input size only increases the run-time by a constant amount (in this example, 50,000 ns). Even though Computer A is ...
The same application can finish much sooner when it first precalculates the sine of a number of values, for example for each whole number of degrees (The table can be defined as static variables at compile time, reducing repeated run time costs). When the program requires the sine of a value, it can use the lookup table to retrieve the closest ...
More shoppers came to Costco stores in the three months ending Nov. 24, just days ahead of Black Friday. The company saw sales up 7.5% over last year.
Its value is typically between 0 and 1. Programs with linear speedup and programs running on a single processor have an efficiency of 1, while many difficult-to-parallelize programs have efficiency such as 1/ln(s) [citation needed] that approaches 0 as the number of processors A = s increases.