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To measure planimetrics a planimeter or dot planimeter is used. This rather advanced analog technology is being taken over by simple image measurement software tools like, ImageJ, Adobe Acrobat, Google Earth Pro, Gimp, Photoshop and KLONK Image Measurement which can help do this kind of work from digitalized images.
The images show the principles of a linear and a polar planimeter. The pointer M at one end of the planimeter follows the contour C of the surface S to be measured. For the linear planimeter the movement of the "elbow" E is restricted to the y-axis. For the polar planimeter the "elbow" is connected to an arm with its other endpoint O at a fixed ...
The dot planimeter differs from other types of planimeter, which measure the area of a shape by passing a device around its boundary. [ 5 ] The Steinhaus longimeter is a similar transparency-based device for estimating the length of curves by counting crossings.
A simple arithmetic calculator was first included with Windows 1.0. [5]In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.
Magnifier, formerly Microsoft Magnifier, [1] [2] [3] is a screen magnifier app intended for visually impaired people to use when running Microsoft Windows.When it is running, it creates a bar at the top of the screen that greatly magnifies where the mouse is.
The cursor for the Windows Command Prompt (appearing as an underscore at the end of the line). In most command-line interfaces or text editors, the text cursor, also known as a caret, [4] is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where text will be placed when entered (the insertion point).
Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
It is a transparent sheet of three grids, turned against each other by 30 degrees, each consisting of parallel lines spaced at equal distances 3.82 mm.The measurement is done by counting crossings of the curve with grid lines.