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For Data at Rest protection a computer or laptop is simply powered off. The disk now self-protects all the data on it. The data is safe because all of it, even the OS, is now encrypted, with a secure mode of AES, and locked from reading and writing. The drive requires an authentication code which can be as strong as 32 bytes (2^256) to unlock.
FileVault uses the user's login password as the encryption passphrase. It uses the XTS-AES mode of AES with 128 bit blocks and a 256 bit key to encrypt the disk, as recommended by NIST. [11] [12] Only unlock-enabled users can start or unlock the drive. Once unlocked, other users may also use the computer until it is shut down.
Some USB drives utilize hardware encryption in which microchips within the USB drive provide automatic and transparent encryption. [8] Some manufacturers offer drives that require a pin code to be entered into a physical keypad on the device before allowing access to the drive.
Disk encryption does not replace file encryption in all situations. Disk encryption is sometimes used in conjunction with filesystem-level encryption with the intention of providing a more secure implementation. Since disk encryption generally uses the same key for encrypting the whole drive, all of the data can be decrypted when the system runs.
Disk encryption usually includes all aspects of the disk, including directories, so that an adversary cannot determine content, name or size of any file. It is well suited to portable devices such as laptop computers and thumb drives which are particularly susceptible to being lost or stolen. If used properly, someone finding a lost device ...
Apple File System was announced at Apple's developers’ conference (WWDC) in June 2016 as a replacement for HFS+, which had been in use since 1998. [11] [12] APFS was released for 64-bit iOS devices on March 27, 2017, with the release of iOS 10.3, and for macOS devices on September 25, 2017, with the release of macOS 10.13.
Note that this does not imply that the encrypted disk can be used as the boot disk itself; refer to pre-boot authentication in the features comparison table. Partition: Whether individual disk partitions can be encrypted. File: Whether the encrypted container can be stored in a file (usually implemented as encrypted loop devices).
Disk encryption is a special case of data at rest protection when the storage medium is a sector-addressable device (e.g., a hard disk). This article presents ...