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Pilum. The pilum (Latin: [ˈpiːɫʊ̃]; pl.: pila) was a javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times. It was generally about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long overall, consisting of an iron shank about 7 mm (0.28 in) in diameter and 600 mm (24 in) long with a pyramidal head, attached to a wooden shaft by either a socket or a flat tang.
A pilum usually weighed between 0.9 and 2.3 kilograms (2.0 and 5.1 lb), [citation needed] with the versions produced during the empire being somewhat lighter. Pictorial evidence suggests that some versions of the weapon were weighted with a lead ball at the base of the shank in order to increase penetrative power, but no archaeological ...
Unlike the pilum, verutum and lancea, the hasta was not thrown, but used for thrusting. It was about 2.4 metres (8 feet) in length, with a shaft generally made from ash , while the head was of iron. Hasta also referred to a spear that was a gymnastic weapon.
Archaeologists have found four Roman swords and a shafted weapon known as a pilum dating from 1,900 years ago ... The fourth was 45 centimeters (18 inches) long. Amir Ganor (left), Eitan Klein ...
The pilum was a type of heavy javelin designed for launch at short range (15 m (49 ft) or less). It consisted of a wooden shaft with a long shank with barbed point affixed to one end, either attached by rivets or socketed into the shaft itself.
The shafts were about 1.1 metres (3 ft 7 in) long, substantially shorter than the 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) pilum, and the point measured about 13 centimetres (5 in) long. The verutum had either an iron shank like the pilum or a tapering metal head. It was sometimes thrown with the aid of a throwing strap, or amentum.
The main difference between the spiculum and the pilum was the length of the thin point. The spiculum tended to have a much shorter iron point. Thus, the spiculum was a bit shorter than its ancestor, perhaps 190 cm (75 in) long. The spiculum had a medium iron shank attached to the head. Its exact design is not fully known as there were many ...
The sarissa or sarisa [note 1] was a long spear or pike about 5 to 7 meters (16 to 23 ft) in length. ... (rather than a Roman pilum which could be thrown once, like a ...