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Haiti became the world's first and oldest black republic in the New World, the first country to abolish slavery, the first Caribbean nation and the first Latin American country as a whole in the Americas to win independence from France and the second republic in the modern era after the United States. Between February and 22 April 1804 ...
Advocates of Noirisme, otherwise known as the Noiristes, believed that the most basic problem in Haiti is the rule of a minority, mulatto ruling class that uses the state to oppress the black majority and to maintain power. The Noiristes played a prominent role in shaping Haitian politics following the left-wing overthrow of President Élie Lescot.
Haiti's population is mostly of African descent (5% are of mixed African and other ancestry), [37] though people of many different ethnic and national backgrounds have settled and impacted the country, such as Poles [38] [39] (from Napoleon's Polish legions), Jews, [40] Arabs [41] (from the Arab diaspora), Chinese, [42] Indians, [43] [44 ...
The 1804 Haiti massacre, also referred to as the Haitian genocide, [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much of the remaining European population in Haiti, which mainly included French people.
The population of Haiti is 9.9 million, of which 80% are of African descent while 15-20% is mulatto and white. [114] Slavery in Haiti was established by the Spanish and French colonialists. Many Haitians are descendants of Taino or Caribs who cohabited with the African descendant population.
By 1840, Haiti had ceased to export sugar entirely, although large amounts continued to be grown for local consumption as taffia-a raw rum. However, Haiti continued to export coffee, which required little cultivation and grew semi-wild. The 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake destroyed the city, and the Sans-Souci Palace, killing 10,000 people.
Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, also called Afro-Hispanics, [3] Afro-Latinos, [4] Black Hispanics, or Black Latinos, [3] are classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget, and other U.S. government agencies [5] as Black people living in the United States with ancestry in Latin America or Spain and/or who speak Spanish and/or Portuguese as either their ...
As part of the French Empire, nationality in Saint-Domingue, now the Republic of Haiti, was based on a mixture of economics and race, combining white planter elite, black slaves, and free black planters. [1] Haiti was unusual, as it was the only slave society in the Americas with a significant population of free black planters. [2]