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Patanjali is also the reputed author of a medical text called Patanjalah, also called Patanjala or Patanjalatantra. [4] [62] This text is quoted in many yoga and health-related Indian texts. Patanjali is called a medical authority in a number of Sanskrit texts such as Yogaratnakara, Yogaratnasamuccaya, Padarthavijnana, Cakradatta bhasya. [4]
Maharishi (Sanskrit: महर्षि, lit. 'great seer', IAST: Maharṣi) is a Sanskrit word used for members of the highest order of ancient Indian sages, popularly known in India as "seers", i.e., those who engage in research to understand and experience nature, divinity, and the divine context of existence, and these experiences' governing laws.
Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a compilation "from a variety of sources" [1] of Sanskrit sutras on the practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
Patanjali begins by stating that all limbs of yoga are a necessary foundation to reaching the state of self-awareness, freedom and liberation. He refers to the three last limbs of yoga as samyama , in verses III.4 to III.5, and calls it the technology for "discerning principle" and mastery of citta and self-knowledge.
Bromley writes that "TM incorporates the teachings of Krishna, the Buddha, and Shankara" and that the Maharishi says he has "rediscovered a lost form of meditation that traces back to the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. [108] Alternative medicine author Vimal Patel writes that the Maharishi derived TM from Patanjali's Yoga. [109]
He believed that sphoṭa carries the meaning of the word(s) and is revealed to the listener upon hearing the word(s). [11] Unlike Patanjali, Bhatrihari applies the term sphoṭa to each element of the utterance, varṇa ( varṇasphoṭa; the letter or syllable), pada ( padasphoṭa; the word), and vākya ( vākyasphoṭa; the sentence).
Patañjali is one of the three most famous Sanskrit grammarians of ancient India, other two being Pāṇini and Kātyāyana who preceded Patañjali (dated to c. 250 BCE).
According to some historians Maharshi Pingala was the brother of Pāṇini, the famous Sanskrit grammarian, considered the first descriptive linguist. [7] Another think tank identifies him as Patanjali , the 2nd century CE scholar who authored Mahabhashya.