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The protein protein interactions are displayed in a signed network that describes what type of interactions that are taking place [74] Protein–protein interactions often result in one of the interacting proteins either being 'activated' or 'repressed'. Such effects can be indicated in a PPI network by "signs" (e.g. "activation" or "inhibition").
As of 2008, only about <0.3% of all estimated interactions among human proteins has been identified, [9] although in recent years there has been exponential growth in discovery – as of 2015, [10] over 210 000 unique human positive protein–protein interactions are currently catalogued, and bioGRID database contains almost 750 000 literature ...
Protein–protein interactions also regulate enzymatic activity, control progression through the cell cycle, and allow the assembly of large protein complexes that carry out many closely related reactions with a common biological function. Proteins can also bind to, or even be integrated into, cell membranes.
In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell.The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions, PPIs; or between small molecules and proteins [1]) but can also describe sets of indirect interactions among genes (genetic interactions).
Interaction proteomics is the analysis of protein interactions from scales of binary interactions to proteome- or network-wide. Most proteins function via protein–protein interactions, and one goal of interaction proteomics is to identify binary protein interactions, protein complexes, and interactomes.
Whereas the concept of water activity is widely known and utilized in the applied biosciences, its complement—the protein activity which quantitates protein–protein interactions—is much less familiar to bioscientists as it is more difficult to determine in dilute solutions of proteins; protein activity is also much harder to determine for ...
Regulation proteins – regulate membrane vesicle targeting. Transmembrane proteins – including junctional adhesion molecule, occludin, and claudin. It is believed that claudin is the protein molecule responsible for the selective permeability between epithelial layers.
Proteins that have been myristoylated are involved in signal transduction cascade, protein-protein interactions and in mechanisms that regulate protein targeting and function. [13] An example in which the myristoylation of a protein is important is in apoptosis , programmed cell death.