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Gryllus bimaculatus is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae.Most commonly known as the two-spotted cricket, [2] it has also been called the "African" or "Mediterranean field cricket", although its recorded distribution also includes much of Asia, including China and Indochina through to Borneo. [2]
Orthoptera (from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós) 'straight' and πτερά (pterá) 'wings') is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā.
The brown cricket is considered to be a pest, especially on fields and sports grounds and around young seedlings. [2] At high densities, they can form large expanses of dead lawn. They are particularly considered to be a problematic species around cricket pitches, where they destroy the carefully maintained lawn. [ 3 ]
Like tridactylids, they are typically found in riparian areas, on bare soil, sand, and mud, as well as on rocks, and – in some species – low vegetation in, near, or above water. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In at least some species, individuals are not distributed evenly throughout appropriate habitat, but rather are found in groups.
Anostostomatidae is a family of insects in the order Orthoptera, widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. [1] It is named Mimnermidae or Henicidae in some taxonomies, and common names include king crickets in Australia and South Africa, and wētā in New Zealand (although not all wētā are in Anostostomatidae).
Unusually for insects in the grasshopper family, wood crickets survive for two years. [4] Being flightless, these crickets are limited in their dispersal abilities; males have been found to disperse over 55 m (180 ft) from the woodland edge but females and nymphs did not move nearly so far. [5] Dispersal along the edge of woodland is more possible.
Wētā is a loanword, from the Māori-language word wētā, which refers to this whole group of large insects; some types of wētā have a specific Māori name. [2] In New Zealand English, it is spelled either "weta" or "wētā", although the form with macrons is increasingly common in formal writing, as the Māori word weta (without macrons) instead means "filth or excrement". [3]
The species is the largest of the North American crickets, measuring up to 5 cm long, weighing up to 2.6 g, and is typically brown to reddish-brown in color. [3] [4] Like other mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), G. major has a bullet-shaped, heavy pronotum and large robust fore limbs used for digging complex burrows. [3]