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PNES episodes can be difficult to distinguish from epileptic seizures without the use of long-term video EEG monitoring.Some characteristics which may distinguish PNES from epileptic seizures include gradual onset, out-of-phase limb movement (in which left and right extremities jerk asynchronously or in opposite directions, as opposed to rhythmically and simultaneously as in epileptic seizures ...
Physiological causes include fainting, sleep disorders, and heart arrhythmias. [2] [3] Psychological causes are known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. [3] Diagnosis may be based on the history of the event and physical examination with support from heart testing and an EEG. [3]
One retrospective observational study evaluated 328 selected patients from ages 16 to 57 years who had prolonged video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring for medically intractable epilepsy and focal seizure onset; those with nonepileptic seizures, status epilepticus, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were excluded.
Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. [1] However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. [1] [2] Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures. [1]
Dissociative fugue (/ f juː ɡ / FYOOG), previously referred to as a fugue state or psychogenic fugue, [1] is a rare psychiatric condition characterized by reversible amnesia regarding one’s identity, often accompanied by unexpected travel or wandering.
Usually, the physical symptoms of the disorder affect the senses or movement. Common symptoms included blindness, partial or total paralysis, inability to speak, deafness, numbness, difficulty swallowing, incontinence, balance problems, non-epileptic seizures, tremors, and difficulty walking.
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people.. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizure
Diagnosis of epilepsy can be difficult. A number of other conditions may present very similar signs and symptoms to seizures, including syncope, hyperventilation, migraines, narcolepsy, panic attacks and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). [133] [134] In particular, syncope can be accompanied by a short episode of convulsions. [135]