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  2. Thin plate energy functional - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_plate_energy_functional

    Rotating (x,y) by theta about z-axis to (X,Y) Original surface with point (x,y) Rotated surface with rotated point (X,Y) The TPEF is rotationally invariant. This means that if all the points of the surface (,) are rotated by an angle about the -axis, the TPEF at each point (,) of the surface equals the TPEF of the rotated surface at the rotated (,).

  3. Newton's minimal resistance problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_minimal_resistance...

    Since the solid must taper in the direction of motion, H is the radius of the disc forming the rear surface of the curve rotated about the x axis. The units are chosen so that the constant of proportionality is unity. Also, note that ˙ <, and the integral, which is evaluated between x = 0 and x = L is negative.

  4. Surface of revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_of_revolution

    A portion of the curve x = 2 + cos(z) rotated around the z-axis A torus as a square revolved around an axis parallel to one of its diagonals.. A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally not intersecting the generatrix, except at its endpoints). [1]

  5. Solid of revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolution

    Two common methods for finding the volume of a solid of revolution are the disc method and the shell method of integration.To apply these methods, it is easiest to draw the graph in question; identify the area that is to be revolved about the axis of revolution; determine the volume of either a disc-shaped slice of the solid, with thickness δx, or a cylindrical shell of width δx; and then ...

  6. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    The radial distance upward along the zenith–axis from the point of origin to the surface of the sphere is assigned the value unity, or 1. + In this image, r appears to equal 4/6, or .67, (of unity); i.e., four of the six 'nested shells' to the surface.

  7. Parametric surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_surface

    A parametric surface is a surface in the Euclidean space which is defined by a parametric equation with two parameters :. Parametric representation is a very general way to specify a surface, as well as implicit representation .

  8. Axis–angle representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis–angle_representation

    The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the ...

  9. Minimal surface of revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_surface_of_revolution

    As a point forms a circle when rotated about an axis, finding the minimal surface of revolution is equivalent to finding the minimal surface passing through two circular wireframes. [1] A physical realization of a minimal surface of revolution is soap film stretched between two parallel circular wires : the soap film naturally takes on the ...