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Americium-241 is the only synthetic isotope to have found its way into the household, where the most common type of smoke detector (the ionization-type) uses 241 Am O 2 (americium-241 dioxide) as its source of ionizing radiation. [11] This isotope is preferred over 226 Ra
This amount declines slowly as the americium decays into neptunium-237, a different transuranic element with a much longer half-life (about 2.14 million years). With its half-life of 432.2 years, the americium in a smoke detector includes about 3% neptunium after 19 years, and about 5% after 32 years.
Americium-243 has a mass of 243.06138 g/mol and a half-life of 7,370 years, the longest lasting of all americium isotopes. It is formed in the nuclear fuel cycle by neutron capture on plutonium-242 followed by beta decay. [15] Production increases exponentially with increasing burnup as a total of 5 neutron captures on 238 U are required.
Americium (atomic number 95) was discovered in 1944-45 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso by bombarding plutonium-239, an isotope of plutonium, with high energy neutrons. This formed plutonium-240 , which was itself bombarded with neutrons, turning into plutonium-241 , which then decayed into americium-241 through ...
Neptunium accumulates in commercial household ionization-chamber smoke detectors from decay of the (typically) 0.2 microgram of americium-241 initially present as a source of ionizing radiation. With a half-life of 432 years, the americium-241 in an ionization smoke detector includes about 3% neptunium after 20 years, and about 15% after 100 years.
The term transmutation dates back to alchemy.Alchemists pursued the philosopher's stone, capable of chrysopoeia – the transformation of base metals into gold. [3] While alchemists often understood chrysopoeia as a metaphor for a mystical or religious process, some practitioners adopted a literal interpretation and tried to make gold through physical experimentation.
An ultra-conservative Oklahoman Republican is on a crusade in a bid to “restore moral sanity” in the state, emboldened by Donald Trump’s election in November.. Senator Dusty Deevers, an ...
This page uses the meta infobox {{Infobox isotopes (meta)}} for the element isotopes infobox.. This infobox contains the table of § Main isotopes, and the § Standard atomic weight.