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Transrapid 09 at the Emsland test facility in Lower Saxony, Germany A full trip on the Shanghai Transrapid maglev train Example of low-speed urban maglev system, Linimo. Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of rail transport whose rolling stock is levitated by electromagnets rather than rolled on wheels, eliminating rolling resistance.
Transrapid allows maximum speeds of 550 km/h (342 mph), placing it between conventional high speed trains (200–320 km/h or 124–199 mph) and air traffic (720–990 km/h or 447–615 mph). The magnetic field generator, an important part of the engine being a part of the track, limits the system capacity.
However, as the train runs on rubber wheels at relatively low speeds, the magnetic fields are positioned below the center of the coils, causing the electrical potential to no longer be balanced. This creates a reactive magnetic field opposing the superconducting magnet's pole (in accordance with Lenz's law), and a pole above that attracts it ...
Alternating magnetic fields, even purely alternating attractive fields, [18] can induce stability and confine a trajectory through a magnetic field to give a levitation effect. This is used in particle accelerators to confine and lift charged particles, and has been proposed for maglev trains as well.
Old Dominion University maglev: In 1999, Old Dominion University agreed to work with American Maglev of Atlanta to construct an on-campus student transportation link of less than 1-mile (1.6 km) — using a smart train / dumb track design in which most sensors, magnets, and computation were located on the train rather than the track. [36]
In EDS maglev trains, both the rail and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force between these magnetic fields. The magnetic field in the train is produced by either superconducting magnets (as in SCMaglev) or by an array of permanent magnets (as in Inductrack). The repulsive force in the track is ...
An alternating electric current is supplied to the coils, which creates a change in polarity of the magnetic field. [8] This pulls the train forward from the front, and thrusts the train forward from the back. [9] A typical Maglev train costs three cents per passenger mile, or seven cents per ton mile (not including construction costs). [10]
Electromagnetic suspension (EMS) is the magnetic levitation of an object achieved by constantly altering the strength of a magnetic field produced by electromagnets using a feedback loop. In most cases the levitation effect is mostly due to permanent magnets as they have no power dissipation, with electromagnets only used to stabilise the effect.