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  2. Hobnail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobnail

    Roman hobnails were shoe tacks, a type of clinching nail; the narrowing tip was turned by a last held inside the sole as the nail was driven. So the tip did a U-turn back into the sole, clinching the nail in place. Reconstruction of Ancient Roman caliga

  3. Caligae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligae

    Like all Roman footwear, the caliga was flat-soled. It was laced up the center of the foot and onto the top of the ankle. It was laced up the center of the foot and onto the top of the ankle. The Spanish scholar Isidore of Seville believed that the name " caliga " derived from the Latin callus ("hard leather"), or else from the fact that the ...

  4. List of Roman taxes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_taxes

    Vicesima libertatis was a tax on owners who freed slaves, the owner would have to pay 5% of the value of the slave. [2] Quinta et vicesima venalium mancipiorum was a 4% tax on selling slaves. [2] A customs tax on a slave of one and a half denarii is recorded in a third-century tariff list from Zarai. [11]

  5. Holy Nail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Nail

    Holy Nail in Santa Maria della Scala in Siena. In the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in Rome (spike of a nail). In the Holy Lance of the German imperial regalia in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. In the Iron Crown of Lombardy in the Cathedral of Monza. In the treasury of Trier Cathedral. In Bamberg Cathedral (middle part of a nail).

  6. Calceus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calceus

    Calcei in a Roman fresco from Paestum, in southern Italy. The calceus (pl.: calcei) was the common upper-class male footwear of the Roman Republic and Empire. Normally made of leather and hobnailed, it was flat soled and typically reached the lower shin, entirely covering the foot and ankle. It was secured with crossed thongs or laces.

  7. Shrewsbury Hoard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury_Hoard

    Normally, the market value of the hoard, as determined by the Treasure Valuation Committee, would be shared equally by the landowner and the finder, but under the terms of the 1996 Treasure Act, if the treasure was discovered whilst trespassing (as was the case with the Shrewsbury Hoard) the finder may get a reduced reward or no reward at all.

  8. Glossary of ancient Roman culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Roman...

    Concrete used in construction in Ancient Rome; irregular pieces of stone, terracotta or brick used to bind the mortar of concrete. Also called caementum (plural caementa). Opus incertum Ancient Roman construction technique, using irregularly shaped and randomly placed uncut stones or fist-sized tuff blocks inserted in a core of opus caementicium.

  9. Pay (Roman army) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_(Roman_army)

    During 407 BC, when the Roman army was divided into three parts and sent to plunder the enemies' territory under the command of three of the four military Tribunes (Lucius Valerius Potitus headed for Anzio, Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus headed for Ecetra, and Numerius Fabius Ambustus attacked and conquered Anxur, leaving the prey to the soldiers of all three armies), the stipend for the soldiers was ...