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About 28 structural classes of alkaloids are known in poison dart frogs. [5] [22] The most toxic of poison dart frog species is Phyllobates terribilis. It is believed that dart frogs do not synthesize their poisons, but sequester the chemicals from arthropod prey items, such as ants, centipedes and mites – the diet-toxicity hypothesis.
The golden poison frog is the largest species of the poison dart frog family, and can reach a weight of nearly 30 grams with a length of 6 cm as adults. [7] Females are typically larger than males. [4] The adults are brightly colored, while juvenile frogs have mostly black bodies with two golden-yellow stripes along their backs.
Although typically blackish with a variable pattern of green, other colors are also possible. Blue is seen in certain locations in Panama. The green-and-black poison dart frog has the typical appearance of the members of its family; males average 0.75 in (1.9 cm) in snout–vent length, while females are slightly larger, averaging 1 in (2.5 cm) or longer.
The strawberry poison frog, strawberry poison-dart frog or blue jeans poison frog (Oophaga pumilio, formerly Dendrobates pumilio) is a species of small poison dart frog found in Central America. [2] It is common throughout its range, which extends from eastern central Nicaragua through Costa Rica and northwestern Panamá .
The diurnal frogs live along the rainforest ground near streams or puddles that form. Notably, P. bicolor is a member of the family Dendrobatidae, or poison dart frog. P. bicolor, along with the rest of the Phyllobates species, produce a neurotoxin known as a batrachotoxin that inhibits specific transmembrane channels in cells. [3]
D. tinctorius "azureus" frogs in captivity. The blue poison dart frog is a medium-sized poison dart frog that weighs about 8 g (0.28 oz) and grows to 3.0–4.5 cm (1.2–1.8 in) in snout–vent length. Females are larger and on average about half a centimetre longer than males, but males have larger toes.
Dendrobatidae Poison Dart Frogs lipophilic alkaloid toxins: allopumiliotoxin 267A, batrachotoxin, epibatidine, histrionicotoxin, pumiliotoxin 251D: humid, tropical environments of Central and South America Mantella genus Golden frogs or Malagasy poison frogs alkaloid toxins Madagascar northern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne pengilleyi)
Oophaga is a genus of poison-dart frogs containing twelve species, many of which were formerly placed in the genus Dendrobates. [1] The frogs are distributed in Central and South America, from Nicaragua south through the El Chocó to northern Ecuador (at elevations below 1,200 m (3,900 ft)).