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  2. Viscoelasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscoelasticity

    Viscoelastic materials have elements of both of these properties and, as such, exhibit time-dependent strain. Whereas elasticity is usually the result of bond stretching along crystallographic planes in an ordered solid, viscosity is the result of the diffusion of atoms or molecules inside an amorphous material.

  3. Cohesive zone model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesive_zone_model

    The Cohesive Zone Model does not represent any physical material, but describes the cohesive forces which occur when material elements are being pulled apart. As the surfaces (known as cohesive surfaces) separate, traction first increases until a maximum is reached, and then subsequently reduces to zero which results in complete separation.

  4. Pipe (fluid conveyance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)

    The number system, like Sch 40, 80, 160, were set long ago and seem a little odd. For example, Sch 20 pipe is even thinner than Sch 40, but same OD. And while these pipes are based on old steel pipe sizes, there is other pipe, like cpvc for heated water, that uses pipe sizes, inside and out, based on old copper pipe size standards instead of steel.

  5. Glossary of structural engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_structural...

    The forces that cause adhesion and cohesion can be divided into several types. The intermolecular forces responsible for the function of various kinds of stickers and sticky tape fall into the categories of chemical adhesion, dispersive adhesion, and diffusive adhesion.

  6. Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_numbers_in...

    Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.

  7. ASTM A53 steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM_A53_steel

    4. Materials and Manufacture of ASTM A53 Pipes 4.1 The steel for both seamless and welded pipe shall be made by one or more of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. 4.2 If steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identification of the resultant transition material is required.

  8. Hollow structural section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_structural_section

    HSS is only composed of structural steel per code. HSS is sometimes mistakenly referenced as hollow structural steel. Rectangular and square HSS are also commonly called tube steel or box section. Circular HSS are sometimes mistakenly called steel pipe, although true steel pipe is actually dimensioned and classed differently from HSS. (HSS ...

  9. Magnetorheological fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetorheological_fluid

    A magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid, or MRF) is a type of smart fluid in a carrier fluid, usually a type of oil. When subjected to a magnetic field, the fluid greatly increases its apparent viscosity, to the point of becoming a viscoelastic solid. [1]