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  2. List of calques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calques

    A calque / k æ l k / or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") translation. This list contains examples of calques in various languages.

  3. Translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation

    Translation for specialized or professional fields requires a working knowledge, as well, of the pertinent terminology in the field. For example, translation of a legal text requires not only fluency in the respective languages but also familiarity with the terminology specific to the legal field in each language. [47]

  4. Metaphrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphrase

    Metaphrase is a term referring to literal translation, i.e., "word by word and line by line" [1] translation. In everyday usage, metaphrase means literalism; however, metaphrase is also the translation of poetry into prose. [2] Unlike "paraphrase," which has an ordinary use in literature theory, the term "metaphrase" is only used in translation ...

  5. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

  6. Synonym - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym

    Synonym list in cuneiform on a clay tablet, Neo-Assyrian period [1] A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [2] For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are ...

  7. List of Latin phrases (full) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)

    Used before the anglicized version of a word or name. For example, "Terra Mariae, anglice, Maryland". animus in consulendo liber: a mind unfettered in deliberation: Motto of NATO: anno (an.) in the year: Also used in such phrases as anno urbis conditae (see ab urbe condita), Anno Domini, and anno regni. anno Domini (A.D.) in the year of our Lord

  8. Untranslatability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslatability

    Douglas Hofstadter discusses the problem of translating a palindrome into Chinese, where such wordplay is theoretically impossible, in his book Le Ton beau de Marot [10] – which is devoted to the issues and problems of translation, with particular emphasis on the translation of poetry. Another example given by Hofstadter is the translation of ...

  9. Semantic loan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_loan

    A semantic loan is a process of borrowing semantic meaning (rather than lexical items) from another language, very similar to the formation of calques.In this case, however, the complete word in the borrowing language already exists; the change is that its meaning is extended to include another meaning its existing translation has in the lending language.