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Microsoft Entra ID (formerly known as Microsoft Azure Active Directory or Azure AD) is a cloud-based identity and access management (IAM) solution. It is a directory and identity management service that operates in the cloud and offers authentication and authorization services to various Microsoft services, such as Microsoft 365, Dynamics 365, Microsoft Azure and third-party services. [1]
Traditional approaches to authorization and access control in computer systems are not sufficient to address the requirements of federated and distributed systems, where infrastructural support may be required. Authentication and authorization infrastructure solutions address such limitations.
Microsoft Entra Connect (formerly known as Azure AD Connect) [1] is a tool for connecting on-premises identity infrastructure to Microsoft Entra ID. The wizard deploys and configures prerequisites and components required for the connection, including synchronization scheduling and authentication methods. [ 2 ]
Attribute-based access control (ABAC), also known as policy-based access control for IAM, defines an access control paradigm whereby a subject's authorization to perform a set of operations is determined by evaluating attributes associated with the subject, object, requested operations, and, in some cases, environment attributes.
Security token service (STS) is a cross-platform open standard core component of the OASIS group's WS-Trust web services single sign-on infrastructure framework specification. cf. [1] [2] Within that claims-based identity framework, a secure token service is responsible for issuing, validating, renewing and cancelling security tokens.
Furthermore, it allows the management and storage of information, provides authentication and authorization mechanisms, and establishes a framework to deploy other related services: Certificate Services, Active Directory Federation Services, Lightweight Directory Services, and Rights Management Services. [5]
Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) is a framework used to control and track access within a computer network.. Authentication is concerned with proving identity, authorization with granting permissions, accounting with maintaining a continuous and robust audit trail via logging.
The Central Authentication Service (CAS) is a single sign-on protocol for the web. [1] Its purpose is to permit a user to access multiple applications while providing their credentials (such as user ID and password) only once.