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The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. [1] It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.
Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains. Overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires situated over rail tracks. Feeder stations at regular intervals along the overhead line supply power from the high-voltage grid.
Trolley pole wheel on top of the trolley pole of Twin City Rapid Transit Company No. 1300. A current collector (often called a "pickup") is a device used in trolleybuses, trams, electric locomotives and EMUs to carry electric power from overhead lines, electric third rails, or ground-level power supplies to the electrical equipment of the vehicles.
Lowering line sag at high temperatures can prevent wildfires from starting when power lines touch dry vegetation. [34] Although advanced lines can cost 2-4x more than steel, total reconductoring costs are less than half of a new line, given savings in time, land acquisition, permitting, and construction. [33]
A pothead is a type of insulated electrical terminal used for transitioning between overhead line and underground high-voltage cable or for connecting overhead wiring to equipment like transformers. [1] Its name comes from the process of potting or encapsulation of the conductors inside the terminal's insulating bushing.
For overhead electric power distribution networks, up to 80% of faults are transient, such as lightning strike, surges or foreign objects coming into contact with exposed distribution lines. Consequently, these transient faults can be resolved by a simple reclose operation. [ 3 ]
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These lines are mounted on the pylons of the overhead wire over the lines. The voltages used for traction current lines are 110 kV in Germany and Austria and 66 kV or 132 kV in Switzerland. Traction current lines are operated symmetrically against earth. In the case of 110 kV lines, for example, each conductor has a voltage of 55 kV against earth.