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The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).
In 1987, Tory Higgins developed the self-discrepancy theory, and described three main forms of self: actual self, ideal self, and ought self. Actual self is the set of qualities and characteristics that a person actually possesses, the ideal self contains the attributes that a person hopes to someday achieve, and the ought self contains the ...
Freud. Ego ideal—Ego—Object—Outer Object. In Freudian psychoanalysis, the ego ideal (German: Ichideal) is the inner image of oneself as one wants to become. [1] It consists of "the individual's conscious and unconscious images of what he would like to be, patterned after certain people whom ... he regards as ideal."
The L2 Motivational Self System is composed of three parts: 1. The Ideal L2 Self - This is the learner's image of their future L2 speaking self, the second language speaker they aspire to become. [13] This image motivates the L2 learner as they work towards reducing the difference between their actual self and their ideal self. [13] 2.
Self-expansion may be conscious or unconscious. People may sometimes realize a sense of "self-expansion" or strive to achieve a goal that can promote self-expansion, but most of the time, self-expansion is an unconscious motivation [5] Self-expansion is the desire to enhance an individual's potential efficacy.
The social mores and values prevail with little question or conscious examination. True personality must be based upon a system of values that are consciously and volitionally chosen by the person to reflect their own individual sense of "how life ought to be" and their "personality ideal"—the ideal person they feel they "ought to be".
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Egoism is a philosophy concerned with the role of the self, or ego, as the motivation and goal of one's own action.Different theories of egoism encompass a range of disparate ideas and can generally be categorized into descriptive or normative forms.