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"the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used". [ 2 ] It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl , and was presented at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.
The chirp pulse compression process transforms a long duration frequency-coded pulse into a narrow pulse of greatly increased amplitude. It is a technique used in radar and sonar systems because it is a method whereby a narrow pulse with high peak power can be derived from a long duration pulse with low peak power.
Plants usually convert light into chemical energy with a photosynthetic efficiency of 3–6%. [40] [41] Absorbed light that is unconverted is dissipated primarily as heat, with a small fraction (1–2%) reemitted as chlorophyll fluorescence at longer (redder) wavelengths.
Researchers show that a new type of X-ray detector, based on a thin film of the low-cost semiconductor mineral perovskite, is 100 times more sensitive than a conventional silicon-based device. The technology could reduce unhealthy radiation exposure and improve the resolution and applications of security scanners and research tools. [70] [71 ...
The products of nuclear fission, however, are on average far more radioactive than the heavy elements which are normally fissioned as fuel, and remain so for significant amounts of time, giving rise to a nuclear waste problem. However, the seven long-lived fission products make up only a small fraction of fission products.
List of countries by carbon emissions Location % of global total Fossil emissions (1,000,000 tons per year) % change from 2000 2023 2000 World 100%: 39,023.94
Some 250 high-speed Shinkansen trains connect major cities. [171] All trains are known for punctuality, and a delay of 90 seconds can be considered late for some train services. [172] There are 98 passenger and 175 total airports in Japan, and flying is a popular way to travel.
Only a tiny fraction of the 100 billion stars in a typical galaxy have the capacity to become a supernova, the ability being restricted to those having high mass and those in rare kinds of binary star systems with at least one white dwarf.