Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The position of the tendon is also thought to contribute, as it makes a sharp turn around the medial malleolus, putting a lot of tension on the tendon. Other proposed causes include constriction underneath the flexor retinaculum , talus abnormalities, osteoarthritis , and preexisting flatfoot . [ 2 ]
In the case of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction causing flatfoot, sinus tarsi syndrome can also develop due to the disruption in the entire structure of the foot. [ 4 ] The condition is also thought to be caused by ankle/subtalar joint instability causing inflammation in the area.
The tibialis posterior muscle originates on the inner posterior border of the fibula laterally. [2] It is also attached to the interosseous membrane medially, which attaches to the tibia and fibula. [2] The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (sometimes called the posterior tibial tendon) descends posterior to the medial malleolus. [2]
Tibialis posterior muscle: Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
The flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus muscles, laterally, and from the fascia covering the tibialis posterior, medially.
Isolated plantaris muscle strains are rare, and ruptures normally occur in conjunction with injury to other muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg. [7] Symptoms of a plantaris muscle rupture may include an audible popping sound in the area during physical activity, swelling, pain in the back of the lower leg, and persistent soreness.
Foot drop can be managed with ankle-foot orthoses or surgical tendon transfer, [8] in which the tibialis posterior muscle is repurposed to function as a tibialis anterior muscle. In select types of distal myopathy, evaluation of the heart may be indicated. [8] Scoliosis and contractures can be surgically managed. [8]
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS type 1 and type 2), sometimes referred to by the hyponyms reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND), is a rare and severe form of neuroinflammatory and dysautonomic disorder causing chronic pain, neurovascular, and neuropathic symptoms.