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List comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation (set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.
This is particularly used in fluent interfaces, which feature many method calls on a single object. This is particularly useful if the object is the value of a lengthy expression, as it eliminates the need to either list the expression repeatedly or use a temporary variable. For example, instead of either listing an expression repeatedly:
1975-2013, R 0 RS, R 1 RS, R 2 RS, R 3 RS, R 4 RS, R 5 RS, R 6 RS, R 7 RS Small Edition [42] [43] Seed7: Application, general, scripting, web Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Multi-paradigm, extensible, structured No Simula: Education, general Yes Yes No No No No discrete event simulation, multi-threaded (quasi-parallel) program execution Yes 1968 Small Basic
A procedural program is composed of one or more units or modules, either user coded or provided in a code library; each module is composed of one or more procedures, also called a function, routine, subroutine, or method, depending on the language.
In the previous example, the class Component is inherited by both the ConcreteComponent and the subclasses that descend from Decorator. The decorator pattern is an alternative to subclassing . Subclassing adds behavior at compile time , and the change affects all instances of the original class; decorating can provide new behavior at run-time ...
A classic example of a problem which a regular grammar cannot handle is the question of whether a given string contains correctly nested parentheses. (This is typically handled by a Chomsky Type 2 grammar, also termed a context-free grammar .)
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [1] For example, C++ is a multi-paradigm language including OOP; [2] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [3] and Ruby. [4]
Imperative programming – explicit statements that change a program state Logic programming – uses explicit mathematical logic for programming Metaprogramming – writing programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data, or that do part of the work at compile time that would otherwise be done at runtime