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A classic example is the molecular transition of retinal (C 20 H 28 O), which is responsible for vision, as discovered in 1958 by Nobel laureate biochemist George Wald and co-workers. The absorption provokes a cis–trans isomerization that, in combination with other such transitions, is transduced into nerve impulses.
Optical computing or photonic computing uses light waves produced by lasers or incoherent sources for data processing, data storage or data communication for computing.For decades, photons have shown promise to enable a higher bandwidth than the electrons used in conventional computers (see optical fibers).
An optical quantum computer with three qubits calculates the energy spectrum of molecular hydrogen to high precision. [172] The first germanium laser advances the state of optical computers. [173] A single-electron qubit is developed [174] The quantum state in a macroscopic object is reported. [175] A new quantum computer cooling method is ...
Computer vision is an interdisciplinary field that deals with how computers can be made to gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos.From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to automate tasks that the human visual system can do.
In 1881, Hermann Munk more accurately located vision in the occipital lobe, where the primary visual cortex is now known to be. [68] In 2014, a textbook "Understanding vision: theory, models, and data" [42] illustrates how to link neurobiological data and visual behavior/psychological data through theoretical principles and computational models.
The word 'Photonics' is derived from the Greek word "phos" meaning light (which has genitive case "photos" and in compound words the root "photo-" is used); it appeared in the late 1960s to describe a research field whose goal was to use light to perform functions that traditionally fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc ...
Ghost imaging (also called "coincidence imaging", "two-photon imaging" or "correlated-photon imaging") is a technique that produces an image of an object by combining information from two light detectors: a conventional, multi-pixel detector that does not view the object, and a single-pixel (bucket) detector that does view the object. [1]
Another, earlier model which relies on the representation of several qubits by a single photon is based on the work of C. Adami and N. J. Cerf. [1] By using both the location and the polarization of photons, a single photon in this model can represent several qubits; however, as a result, CNOT-gate can only be implemented between the two qubits ...