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The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper.
The Shunzhi Emperor, who died of smallpox in 1661, chose his third son Xuanye as successor because he had survived smallpox. [5] That child reigned as the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722), who for the first time in Qing history followed the Chinese habit of primogeniture and appointed his eldest son Yinreng (1674–1725) as heir apparent. [6]
China was fully united for the first time by Qin Shi Huang (r. 259–210 BCE), who established the first Imperial dynasty , adopting the title Huangdi ( 皇帝 ), meaning Emperor, which remained in use until the Imperial system's fall in 1912 .
The Kangxi Emperor was at first friendly to the Jesuit Missionaries working in China. Their accurate methods allowed him to successfully predict eclipses , one of his ritual duties. He was grateful for the services they provided to him, in the areas of astronomy , diplomacy and artillery manufacture. [ 16 ]
Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor, Book of Manchu version in National Museum of Mongolia. In 1670, when the Kangxi Emperor of China's Qing dynasty was sixteen years old, he issued the Sacred Edict (simplified Chinese: 圣谕; traditional Chinese: 聖諭; pinyin: shèng yù), consisting of sixteen maxims, each seven characters long, to instruct the average citizen in the basic principles of ...
Growing distrust of Jesuit missionaries by the Kangxi emperor and later by Yongzheng in the early 1720s led to prohibition and action against the Christian presence in China. The Kangxi emperor had banned foreign missions (outside of Beijing and Guangzhou), and Yongzheng took this one step further by removing all foreign priests from China.
One of the first modern-style diplomacy attempts in the Chinese context was the one made by John III Sobieski of Poland who desired to negotiate friendly relationships with the Kangxi Emperor. [ 1 ] The diplomatic approaches between the courts can be traced to the correspondence between John III himself with a trusted advisor to Kangxi, Flemish ...
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) was the superlative title held by the monarchs of imperial China's various dynasties.In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the "Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate to rule all under Heaven.