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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials, which are drugs used to treat infections. [2] This resistance affects all classes of microbes, including bacteria (antibiotic resistance), viruses (antiviral resistance), parasites (antiparasitic resistance), and fungi (antifungal ...
The key aspect of FDA's strategy is the request that animal drug sponsors (those who own the right to market the product) voluntarily work with FDA to revise the approved use conditions for their medically important antimicrobial drug products to remove production uses (such as growth enhancement or feed efficiency), and bring the remaining ...
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Drug, toxin, or chemical resistance is a consequence of evolution and is a response to pressures imposed on any living organism. Individual organisms vary in their sensitivity to the drug used and some with greater fitness may be capable of surviving drug treatment.
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Agar diffusion was first used by Martinus Beijerinck in 1889 to study the effect of auxins on bacterial growth. However, the method has been developed, refined and standardized by many scientists and scientific organizations over the years including George F. Reddish, Norman Heatley, James G. Vincent, [8] Alfred W. Bauer, William M.M. Kirby, John C. Sherris, [4] [5] Hans Martin Ericsson, the ...
Members of the AMR coordinating body inaugurated on the 16th and 17th January, 2017 to review Nigeria’s requirement for its National Action Plan for AMR. [47] Launched in May 2017, the National Action Plan for AMR outlines the implementation of strategic and operational activities to ensure measurable containment of AMR in Nigeria.
Strategies to accomplish this include well-established infection control measures such as infrastructure improvement (e.g. less crowded housing), [207] [208] better sanitation (e.g. safe drinking water and food), [209] [210] better use of vaccines and vaccine development, [17] [176] other approaches such as antibiotic stewardship, [211] [212 ...