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Chronic spontaneous urticaria, despite its cause being unknown, is linked to a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases, and is often worsened by triggers like stress, infections, certain foods, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The hives and angioedema seen in CSU is thought to be linked to the degranulation of skin mast cells.
Many inflammatory factors have been detected in erythema toxicum neonatorum lesions, including IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, and eotaxin. [5] [4] These molecules cause redness and swelling in the skin and attract immune cells. [10] Eosinophils and other immune cells are found in the upper layer of the skin in erythema toxicum neonatorum lesions.
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red and/or flesh-colored, raised, itchy bumps. [1] Hives may burn or sting. [2] The patches of rash may appear on different body parts, [2] with variable duration from minutes to days, and do not leave any long-lasting skin change. [2]
The disorder has various forms or presentations, which its name reflects (multiforme, "multiform", from multi-+ formis). Target lesions are a typical manifestation. Two standard types, one mild to moderate and one severe, are recognized ( erythema multiforme minor and erythema multiforme major ), as well as several rare and atypical types.
It encompasses a spectrum of three clinically overlapping autoinflammatory syndromes including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS, formerly termed familial cold-induced urticaria), the Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID, also called chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and ...
However, the understanding of urticaria as an autoimmune condition is a relatively recent development in medical history. [14] The term autoimmune urticaria refers to a subset of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) cases where the immune system appears to play a significant role. This understanding began to evolve in the mid to late 20th ...
Physical urticaria is a distinct subgroup of urticaria (hives) that are induced by an exogenous physical stimulus rather than occurring spontaneously. [1] There are seven subcategories that are recognized as independent diseases. [2] [3] Physical urticaria is known to be painful, itchy and physically unappealing; it can recur for months to ...
This condition is characterised by cold induced urticaria, autoimmunity, atopy and humoral immune deficiency. [2] The humeral immune deficiency results in recurrent bronchopulmonary infections. Cutaneous granulomas may also occur. [citation needed] The urticaria usually appears within 12 months of birth but may appear immediately after birth. [3]