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A nitrite test is a standard component of a urinary test strip. A positive test for nitrites in the urine is called nitrituria. This test is commonly used in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs). A positive nitrite test indicates that the cause of the UTI is a Gram-negative organism, most commonly Escherichia coli. The reason for nitrites ...
0.2 [2] 1.0 [2] Ehrlich units or mg/dL Free catecholamines, dopamine: 90 [3] 420 [3] μg/d Red blood cells (RBCs) 0 [4] [2] 2 [2] - 3 [4] per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood cells (WBCs) 0 [2] 2 [2] pH: 5 [2] 7 [2] (unitless) Protein: 0: trace amounts [2] Glucose: n/a: 0 / negative [2] Ketones: n/a: 0 ...
Some of the gram negative bacteria species that most commonly cause urinary tract infections (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus) have enzymes that reduce the nitrate present in urine to nitrite. [18] The test is a rapid screen for possible infections by enteric bacteria, but it does not replace the urinalysis ...
[57] [58] Not all bacteria that cause UTIs produce nitrite, and because it takes time for the chemical reaction to occur, the test is best performed on urine that has been in the bladder overnight. [59] A diet low in vegetables can lead to low nitrate levels in the urine, meaning that nitrites cannot be produced. [50]
Normal urine pH is slightly acidic, with usual values of 6.0 to 7.5, but the normal range is 4.5 to 8.0. A urine pH of 8.5 or 9.0 is indicative of a urea-splitting organism, such as Proteus, Klebsiella, or Ureaplasma urealyticum; therefore, an asymptomatic patient with a high pH means UTI regardless of the other urine test results.
The nitrite test detects nitrate-reducing bacteria if growing in high numbers in urine. A negative dipstick test does not exclude bacteriuria, as not all bacteria which can colonise the urinary tract are nitrate-reducing. The leukocyte esterase test indirectly detects the presence of leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine which can be ...
Staphylococcus saprophyticus was not recognized as a cause of urinary tract infections until the early 1970s, more than 10 years after its original demonstration in urine specimens. Prior to this, the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in urine specimens was dismissed as contamination. [citation needed]
The Griess test is an analytical chemistry test which detects the presence of nitrite ion in solution. One of its most important uses is the determination of nitrite in drinking water . The Griess diazotization reaction, on which the Griess reagent relies, was first described in 1858 by Peter Griess .
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