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Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data. [2] Surveying engineering was the widely used name for geomatic(s) engineering in the past.
Another example is the proliferation of geospatial libraries and application programming interfaces (e.g., GDAL, Leaflet, D3.js) that extend programming languages to enable the incorporation of GIS data and processing into custom software, including web mapping sites and location-based services in smartphones.
[1] [2] It is also called geospatial data and information, [citation needed] georeferenced data and information, [citation needed] as well as geodata and geoinformation. [ citation needed ] Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).
A de facto definition of geospatial intelligence, which is more reflective of the broad international nature of the discipline, is vastly different from the de jure definition expressed in U.S. Code. This de facto definition is: Geospatial Intelligence is a field of knowledge, a process, and a profession.
Geospatial and hydrospatial analysis, or just spatial analysis, [70] is an approach to applying statistical analysis and other analytic techniques to data which has a geographical or spatial aspect.
The field develops software and web services to model and analyse spatial data, serving the needs of geosciences and related scientific and engineering disciplines. The term is often used interchangeably with Geomatics , although the two have distinct focuses; Geomatics emphasizes acquiring spatial knowledge and leveraging information systems ...
Another definition is "the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data". [2] Most commonly, institutions with large repositories of geographic data (especially government agencies) create SDIs to facilitate the sharing of their data ...
The Geospatial Semantic Web is a vision to include geospatial information at the core of the Semantic Web to facilitate information retrieval and information integration. [31] This vision requires the definition of geospatial ontologies, semantic gazetteers, and shared technical vocabularies to describe geographic phenomena. [32]