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It is the largest of Old World grey wolves, averaging 39 kg (86 lb) in Europe; [6] however, exceptionally large individuals have weighed 69–79 kg (152–174 lb), though this varies according to region.
In 2023, wolves have been detected across all EU Member States except Ireland, Cyprus and Malta, and there are breeding packs in 23 countries. In this analysis, 20 300 wolves have been estimated in 2023 across the EU." [6] Information on the number of wolves in the European Union across time is given in the table below from the document:
A mixture of the European subspecies is desirable from a population-biological point of view, as it increases genetic diversity. The favourable conservation status of wolves is the definition of a wolf population that is no longer threatened with extinction, that is capable of long-term survival. In Europe the favourable conservation status is ...
Thousands of gray wolves roamed America's wilderness for centuries until hunters, ranchers and others nearly decimated the species. In 1973, the federal government listed them as endangered in the ...
The wolf (Canis lupus; [b] pl.: wolves), also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a canine native to Eurasia and North America.More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though grey wolves, as popularly understood, only comprise naturally-occurring wild subspecies.
The earliest known remains of wolves in Britain are from Pontnewydd Cave in Wales, dating to around 225,000 years ago, during the late Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 7). Wolves continuously occupied Britain since this time, despite dramatic climatic fluctuations. [4] The Roman colonisation of Britain saw sporadic wolf-hunting. [5]
The wolf's long bones are 10% longer than those of extant European wolves and 20% longer than its probable ancestor, C. l. lunellensis. The teeth are robust, the posterior denticules on the lower premolars p2, p3, p4 and upper P2 and P3 are highly developed, and the diameter of the lower carnassial (m1) were larger than any known European wolf.
The Iberian wolf's skull morphometrics, mtDNA, and microsatellites differ from other European wolves. [14] In 2016, a study of mitochondrial DNA sequences of both modern and ancient wolves indicated that in Europe, the two most genetically distinct haplotypes form the Italian wolf , and separately, the Iberian wolf. [ 15 ]