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2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO 2 + O 2 PbCO 3 → PbO + CO 2. PbO is produced on a large scale as an intermediate product in refining raw lead ores into metallic lead. The usual lead ore is galena (lead(II) sulfide). At a temperature of around 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) in air, the sulfide converted to the oxide: [4] 2 PbS + 2 O 2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO 2
PbO 2 + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2 O → Na 2 [Pb(OH) 6] It also reacts with basic oxides in the melt, yielding orthoplumbates M 4 [PbO 4]. Because of the instability of its Pb 4+ cation, lead dioxide reacts with hot acids, converting to the more stable Pb 2+ state and liberating oxygen: [6] 2 PbO 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → 2 PbSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + O 2 2 PbO 2 + 4 HNO ...
2 PbO + PbS → 3 Pb + SO 2. Metallic lead is attacked (oxidized) only superficially by air, forming a thin layer of lead oxide that protects it from further oxidation. The metal is not attacked by sulfuric or hydrochloric acids. It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO 3) 2. 3 Pb + 8 H + + 8 NO −
Although an amphiprotic species must be amphoteric, the converse is not true. For example, a metal oxide such as zinc oxide, ZnO, contains no hydrogen and so cannot donate a proton. Nevertheless, it can act as an acid by reacting with the hydroxide ion, a base: ZnO + 2 OH − + H 2 O → [Zn(OH) 4] 2−. Zinc oxide can also act as a base:
Lead sesquioxide, Pb 2 O 3, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide as well (lead(II) metaplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+][PbO 2− 3]), reddish yellow Pb 12 O 19 , monoclinic, dark-brown or black crystals The so-called black lead oxide , which is a mixture of PbO and fine-powdered Pb metal and used in the production of lead–acid batteries .
Lead(II,IV) oxide is lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+] 2 [PbO 4− 4]. [3] It has a tetragonal crystal structure at room temperature, which then transforms to an orthorhombic (Pearson symbol oP28, Space group Pbam, No. 55) form at temperature 170 K (−103 °C). This phase transition only changes the symmetry of the crystal and slightly ...
Prediabetes occurs when an individual’s blood sugar levels are elevated beyond the normal range but have not yet reached the threshold for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
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