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A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams. [1] [2] Small accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle physics. Accelerators are also used as synchrotron light sources for the study of condensed matter physics.
The Proton Synchrotron (PS, sometimes also referred to as CPS [1]) is a particle accelerator at CERN. It is CERN's first synchrotron , beginning its operation in 1959. For a brief period the PS was the world's highest energy particle accelerator .
Fermitron was an accelerator sketched by Enrico Fermi on a notepad in the 1940s proposing an accelerator in stable orbit around the Earth. The undulator radiation collider [7] is a design for an accelerator with a center-of-mass energy around the GUT scale. It would be light-weeks across and require the construction of a Dyson swarm around the Sun.
Before being injected into the main accelerator, the particles are prepared by a series of systems that successively increase their energy. The first system is the linear particle accelerator Linac4 generating 160 MeV negative hydrogen ions (H − ions), which feeds the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB). There, both electrons are stripped from ...
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi) in circumference, [ 1 ] straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva , Switzerland.
The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) (also nicknamed the "Desertron" [2]) was a particle accelerator complex under construction in the vicinity of Waxahachie, Texas, United States. Its planned ring circumference was 87.1 kilometers (54.1 mi) with an energy of 20 TeV per proton and was designed to be the world's largest and most energetic ...
The Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron (or Sp p S, also known as the Proton–Antiproton Collider) was a particle accelerator that operated at CERN from 1981 to 1991. To operate as a proton - antiproton collider the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) underwent substantial modifications, altering it from a one beam synchrotron to a two-beam collider.
Lawrence's 60-inch (152 cm) cyclotron, c. 1939, showing the beam of accelerated ions (likely protons or deuterons) exiting the machine and ionizing the surrounding air causing a blue glow. A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, [1] [2] and patented in 1932.